Pyruvate

What is measured?

Citrate (Cit), isocitrate (iCit), α-ketoglutarate (aKG), fumarate (Fum), malate (Mal), pyruvate (Pyr), lactate (Lac), and succinate (Suc; under development). Method(s): GC-MS/MS .

Indication(s)

To investigate the metabolomic signature of human diseases.

Specimen, collection and processing

Matrix: EDTA plasma (preferred) or serum. Volume: Minimum volume is 60 µL, but 200 µL is optimal and allows reanalysis. Preparation and stability: Krebs cycle metabolites are probably stable in serum/plasma, but there are concern over oxaloacetate. Samples should be put on ice immediately after collection and stored at -80 °C.

Transportation

Frozen, on dry ice.

Reported values

Reported values: Cit: 90-200 µmol/L; cAco: 0.9-1.6 µmol/L; iCit: 2-22 µmol/L; aKG: 2-40 µmol/L; Suc: 2-12 µmol/L; Fum: 0.5-4 µmol/L; Mal: 2-21 µmol/L; Oaa: - ; Oxa: 6-12 µmol/L; Pyr: 80-160 µmol/L; Lac: 500-1600 µmol/L; Ita: 0.2-2.3 µmol/L. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC): na.

Literature

1 . Martínez-Reyes, I., & Chandel, N. S. (2020). Mitochondrial TCA cycle metabolites control physiology and disease. Nat Commun, 11, 102. 2 . Yong, C., Stewart, G. D., & Frezza, C. (2020). Oncometabolites in renal cancer. Nat Rev Nephrol, 16, 156-172. 3 . Hayes, C., Donohoe, C. L., Davern, M., & Donlon, N. E. (2021). The oncogenic and clinical implications of lactate induced immunosuppression in the tumour microenvironment. Cancer Lett, 500, 75-86.